Sleep disturbance and association with social behavior in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore sleep disturbance in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and analyze the relationship between sleep disturbance and social behavior. MethodsFrom December, 2020 to December, 2022, 221 preschool children with ASD from Beijing Bo'ai Hospital and other two institutes, and 246 healthy preschool children socially recruited were investigated with Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). A total of 47 ASD children and 47 healthy children were selected from them to wear a sleep monitoring watch for seven days, while the ASD children were evaluated with Gesell Development Diagnosis Scale (GDDS), Psychoeducational Profile-Third Edition (PEP-3), Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS), Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). ResultsAll the factor-scores were more in the ASD children than in the healthy children (t > 2.491, P < 0.05), except that of daytime sleepiness. The prevalence of sleep disturbance (CSHQ ≥ 41) was 89.6% in ASD children, which was more than that of the healthy children (76.8%) (χ2 = 13.360, P < 0.001). The sleep problems in ASD children included bedtime resistance, sleep anxiety, sleep duration, sleep onset delay, parasomnias and sleep disordered breathing. ASD children were shorter in total bedtime, shorter in total sleep time, longer in sleep latency, longer in awake time and lower in sleep efficiency (|t| > 2.001, P < 0.05), compared with those of healthy children. For ASD children, the total bedtime negatively correlated with GDDS-language, PEP-3-expressive language, PEP-3-communication and PEP-3-maladaptive behaviors (r < -0.300, P < 0.05); the sleep efficiency negatively correlated with total score of CARS (r = -0.365, P < 0.05); sleep latency correlated with GDDS-social, PEP-3-cognitive, PEP-3-expressive language, PEP-3-receptive language, PEP-3-visual-motor imitation, PEP-3-characteristic verbal behaviors, PEP-3-communication, original score of ADOS, ADOS-social affect, and total score of CARS (|r| > 2.90, P < 0.05); and total awake time positively correlated with total score of CARS (r = 0.406, P < 0.05). ConclusionSleep disturbance is prevalent and various in preschool ASD children, and influence their social behaviors.

Yinlai Decoction Protects Microstructure of Colon and Regulates Serum Level of D-Lactic Acid in Pneumonia Mice Fed with High-Calorie and High-Protein Diet / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of Yinlai Decoction (YD) on the microstructure of colon, and activity of D-lactic acid (DLA) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in serum of pneumonia mice model fed with high-calorie and high-protein diet (HCD).@*METHODS@#Sixty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups by the random number table method: normal control, pneumonia, HCD, HCD with pneumonia (HCD-P), YD (229.2 mg/mL), and dexamethasone (15.63 mg/mL) groups, with 10 in each group. HCD mice were fed with 52% milk solution by gavage. Pneumonia mice was modeled with lipopolysaccharide inhalation and was fed by gavage with either the corresponding therapeutic drugs or saline water, twice daily, for 3 days. After hematoxylin-eosin staining, the changes in the colon structure were observed under light microscopy and transmission electron microscope, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the protein levels of DLA and DAO in the serum of mice.@*RESULTS@#The colonic mucosal structure and ultrastructure of mice in the normal control group were clear and intact. The colonic mucosal goblet cells in the pneumonia group tended to increase, and the size of the microvilli varied. In the HCD-P group, the mucosal goblet cells showed a marked increase in size with increased secretory activity. Loose mucosal epithelial connections were also observed, as shown by widened intercellular gaps with short sparse microvilli. These pathological changes of intestinal mucosa were significantly reduced in mouse models with YD treatment, while there was no significant improvement after dexamethasone treatment. The serum DLA level was significantly higher in the pneumonia, HCD, and HCD-P groups as compared with the normal control group (P<0.05). Serum DLA was significantly lower in the YD group than HCD-P group (P<0.05). Moreover, serum DLA level significantly increased in the dexamethasone group as compared with the YD group (P<0.01). There was no statistical significance in the serum level of DAO among groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#YD can protect function of intestinal mucosa by improving the tissue morphology of intestinal mucosa and maintaining integrity of cell connections and microvilli structure, thereby reducing permeability of intestinal mucosa to regulate the serum levels of DLA in mice.

Protective effect of melatonin against oxygen-induced retinopathy: a study based on the HMGB1/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the protective effect of melatonin (Mel) against oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) in neonatal mice and the role of the HMGB1/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis.@*METHODS@#Neonatal C57BL/6J mice, aged 7 days, were randomly divided into a control group, a model group (OIR group), and a Mel treatment group (OIR+Mel group), with 9 mice in each group. The hyperoxia induction method was used to establish a model of OIR. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and retinal flat-mount preparation were used to observe retinal structure and neovascularization. Immunofluorescent staining was used to measure the expression of proteins and inflammatory factors associated with the HMGB1/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis and lymphocyte antigen 6G. Colorimetry was used to measure the activity of myeloperoxidase.@*RESULTS@#The OIR group had destruction of retinal structure with a large perfusion-free area and neovascularization, while the OIR+Mel group had improvement in destruction of retinal structure with reductions in neovascularization and perfusion-free area. Compared with the control group, the OIR group had significant increases in the expression of proteins and inflammatory factors associated with the HMGB1/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis, the expression of lymphocyte antigen 6G, and the activity of myeloperoxidase (P<0.05). Compared with the OIR group, the OIR+Mel group had significant reductions in the above indices (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the OIR group had significant reductions in the expression of melatonin receptors in the retina (P<0.05). Compared with the OIR group, the OIR+Mel group had significant increases in the expression of melatonin receptors (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Mel can alleviate OIR-induced retinal damage in neonatal mice by inhibiting the HMGB1/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis and may exert an effect through the melatonin receptor pathway.

Clinical study of aspirin combined with atorvastatin in the prevention of new onset atrial fibrillation after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical value of aspirin combined with atorvastatin in the prevention of new onset atrial fibrillation after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG).Methods:208 patients with coronary artery bypass grafting in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were selected as the research subjects and divided by a random number table method into groups. The control group (104 cases) was treated with aspirin before operation, and the observation group (104 cases) was treated with aspirin and atorvastatin before operation. ECG monitoring was carried out continuously for 7 days of patients in the two groups, and the occurrence and duration of AF were recorded. The clinical therapeutic efficacy, incidence and adverse reactions of AF, left atrial diameter and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level were observed before and after treatment.Results:The incidence of AF in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was no statistical significant difference in the starting time of AF between the two groups after operation ( P>0.05). The duration of AF in the observation group was better than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no statistical significant difference in left atrial diameter and hs-CRP level between the two groups ( P>0.05). After treatment, the left atrial diameter in the observation group returned to that before treatment, and there was no statistical significant difference in the same group ( P>0.05). The left atrial diameter in the control group was higher than that before treatment, and there was statistical significant difference in the same group ( P<0.05). The level of hs-CRP was lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were no adverse reactions in both groups. Conclusion:Aspirin combined with atorvastatin has a significant effect in preventing new onset AF after OPCABG. It can reduce the incidence of postoperative AF, shorten the duration of AF, effectively control the inner diameter of left atrium, reduce the degree of postoperative inflammatory reaction, and has no adverse effects. It is worthy of clinical application.

The mechanism research on Fuzheng Jiedu Decoction in the treatment of children with primary immune thrombocytopenia based on network pharmacology / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To explore the potential mechanism of Fuzheng Jiedu Decoction created by professor Yu Huiping in the treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in children based on network pharmacology.Methods:The targets of Fuzheng Jiedu Decoction and ITP were retrieved within SymMap database and TCMID database, and all the common genes in the potential targets of the decoction and ITP were retained. The interaction relationship among the targets was obtained in the String database, and cluster analysis was conducted to obtain the core target group of Fuzheng Jiedu Decoction for ITP. In the David database, the potential KEGG Pathway was obtained through enrichment analysis, the Pathway of non-specific diseases was classified and selected, and a network of "Traditional Chinese Medicine - Target - Pathway" was constructed.Results:There are 500 potential targets for Fuzheng Jiedu Decoction to treat ITP. After Cluster analysis of PPI network, a total of 16 gene clusters were obtained, among which Cluster 1 score was 65.663, making it a potential core target group for Fuzheng Jiedu Decoction to treat ITP. The core enriched target group amounts to 114 pathways, and there were four first-level catalogs which includes Human Diseases (50%), Organismal Systems (25%), Environmental Information Processing (17%), and Cellular Processes (8%). Among them, TNF signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway were highly enriched for non-specific diseases. In the nodes of the network, The Chinese herbs with the highest Degree of aggregation in the network nodes were Agrimoniae herba (Degree=66), Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma praeparata cum melle (Degree=64), the target proteins were MAPK3 (Degree=51),MAPK1 (Degree=50),and the pathway was PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (Degree=29). Conclusion:Fuzheng Jiedu Decoction is mainly used to treat children's ITP with Agrimoniae herba and Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma praeparata cum melle,and it is related to the regulation of platelet number, adhesion and focusing.

A randomized controlled trial of indobufen versus aspirin in the prevention of bridging restenosis after coronary artery bypass grafting / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety between indobufen and aspirin in the prevention of restenosis of bridge vessels at 1 year after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods: This study was a prospective cohort study. We selected 152 patients who received coronary artery bypass grafting in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from December 2016 to December 2018. Patients were divided into the indobufen group and the aspirin group. Patients in the aspirin group were treated with aspirin and clopidogrel, and patients in the indobufen group were treated with indobufen and clopidogrel. During the 1-year follow-up, the rate of restenosis of saphenous vein bridge and internal mammary artery bridge, the rate of adverse cardiac events and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. The levels of fibrinogen (FIB), D-dimer (D-D), thrombomodulin (TM) and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) were compared before and after antiplatelet therapy. Results: There were 76 cases in the indobufen group, including 57 males (75.0%), aged (60.3±6.6) years. There were 76 cases in the aspirin group, including 62 males (81.6%), aged (59.7±7.2) years. Baseline data were comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). During the follow-up, 3 cases were lost to follow up. Follow-up was completed in 74 patients in the indobufen group and 75 in the aspirin group. A total of 268 bridging vessels were grafted in the indobufen group and 272 in the aspirin group. One year after surgery, the patency rates of great saphenous vein bridge and internal mammary artery bridge were 94.5% (189/200) and 97.1% (66/68) in the indobuphen group, and 91.3% (189/207) and 96.9% (63/65) in the aspirin group, respectively. There was no significant difference in patency rate of great saphenous vein bridge and internal mammary artery bridge between the two groups (χ²=0.282, 0.345, P>0.05). The total incidence of adverse cardiac events was 5.4% (4/74) in the indobufen group and 6.7% (5/75) in the aspirin group (χ²=0.126, P>0.05). The overall incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions was significantly lower in the indobufen group than in the aspirin group (4.1% (3/74) vs. 13.3% (10/75), χ²=4.547, P<0.05). The levels of FIB, D-D, TM and TAFI in the two groups were lower than those before surgery (P<0.05), and there was no statistical significance between the two groups at baseline and post-operation (P>0.05). Conclusion: The efficacy of indobufen combined with clopidogrel in the prevention of 1-year restenosis after coronary artery bypass graft is similar to that of aspirin combined with clopidogrel, but the incidence of adverse reactions is lower, and the safety is higher in patients treated with indobufen combined with clopidogrel compared to aspirin combined with clopidogrel strategy.

Common Syndromes of Cerebral Infarction Patients in Rural Areas of Eastern Henan Based on Latent Structure Model and Factor Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the common syndromes of patients with cerebral infarction in rural areas of eastern Henan based on latent structure model and factor analysis，and provide reference for clinical differentiation of cerebral infarction. MethodThe data samples of patients with cerebral infarction in rural areas in eastern Henan were preprocessed. With Lantern 5.0 of latent structure method and LTM-EAST algorithm of two-step latent tree analysis， the manifest variable latent structure model of related symptoms was built to interpret different latent nodes， and common syndromes of cerebral infarction were obtained via comprehensive cluster analysis. SPSS 20.0 was used for factor analysis and cluster analysis of related symptoms to infer the distribution of syndrome types. ResultThe data of 888 patients with cerebral infarction were included， involving symptoms， tongue and pulse （88 in total）. The 65 symptoms with a frequency of ≥5% were constructed into a latent structure model， and 31 latent variables were obtained. The Bayesian information criterion （BIC） score was -15 367.17. Based on professional knowledge， s6 common syndrome types were found， namely， syndrome of upward disturbance of wind-fire， Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome， syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis blocking collaterals， syndrome of phlegm-heat and fu-organ excess， syndrome of wind phlegm obstructing collaterals， and syndrome of stirring wind due to yin deficiency. In factor analysis， the symptoms with a frequency of >10% were selected， and 13 common factors were obtained and used for systematic cluster analysis. And 5 syndrome types were inferred： syndrome of wind phlegm obstructing collaterals， syndrome of phlegm-heat and fu-organ excess， Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome， syndrome of combined phlegm and blood stasis， and syndrome of yin deficiency and internal heat. According to the determination criteria of syndrome types in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， 6 common syndrome types of cerebral infarction were finally determined. ConclusionAccording to the severity of the disease， the common syndromes of patients with cerebral infarction in rural areas of Eastern Henan were divided into the following categories： apoplexy involving channel and collateral： syndrome of upward disturbance of wind fire， syndrome of wind phlegm obstructing collaterals， and syndrome of stirring wind due to yin deficiency. Apoplexy involving zang and fu-viscera： syndrome of phlegm-heat and fu-organ excess， and syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis blocking collaterals. Recovery period： Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. This study was basically consistent with the syndrome law in TCM theory， and provided reference for further establishing syndrome diagnostic criteria of cerebral infarction.

Advance in Application of Neuroimaging in Plasticity Mechanism after Stroke (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Neuroimaging technique is a kind of significant means to explore the mechanism of cerebral plasticity after stroke. Diffusion tensor imaging can be used to describe the structure of white matter fiber bundles and evaluate the degree of damage, but it cannot reflect the functional connections between different brain regions. Task-state functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) can detect the activation of corresponding brain regions caused by specific tasks, but the test design is complex and demanding for subjects. Resting-state fMRI can analyze complex brain networks and reflect functional connections in different brain regions, but the method of data analysis is complex. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is another non-invasive method to reflect the functional activation of brain regions, in which temporal resolution is better than fMRI, but the spatial resolution is slightly lower. The combination of multiple detection methods may be an important research direction in the future.

Differences of Structural Plasticity between Hemispheres during Rehabilitation for Subacute Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the differences in plasticity mechanism of cortical structure between hemispheres during rehabilitation for stroke patients at subacute stage. Methods:From October 20, 2018 to February 1, 2020, 22 patients with first-onset subcortical ischemic stroke completed the assessments of MRI and clinical evaluation at admission, and after one and two months of rehabilitation. Cortical surface area, thickness, and volume were measured to evaluate cortical structure plasticity. Two-way repeated measures analyses of variance were implemented to estimate dynamic cortical morphology changes and differences between hemispheres. Results:A significant time effect occurred between admission and after one month of rehabilitation for both hemispheres. Cortical surface area, thickness and volume for most regions in both hemispheres gradually decreased, while parahippocampal gyrus thickness and volume increased. The surface area and volume of postcentral gyrus was significant between both hemispheres (F > 4.305, P < 0.05), in which ipsilesional hemisphere was lower than contralesional hemisphere. The reduction of the thickness (r = -0.474, P = 0.026) and volume (r = -0.432, P = 0.044) of postcentral gyrus in ipsilesional hemisphere was negatively correlated with the recovery rate of motor function. Conclusion:There are differences in cortical structure plasticity during stroke rehabilitation between hemispheres. Cortical morphology markedly changes in the first two months poststroke. The greater the reduction in thickness and volume of postcentral gyrus in ipsilesional hemisphere is, the worse the recovery of motor function may be.

Factors Related to Penile Erectile Function for Men with Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To analyze the clinical features related to erectile dysfunction for male patients with spinal cord injury. Methods:From December, 2019 to January, 2021, 28 male patients with spinal cord injury were detected the stiffness and periactivity index of penises during night sleep using RigiScan. The patients were grouped as presence or absence of bulbocavernous reflex, anal autonomic contraction, anal tactile sensation and anal pressure sensation, to compare the stiffness and periactivity index between the groups. Results:The stiffness and periactivity indexes were more in patients presenting bulbocavernosus reflex, anal autonomic contraction, anal tactile sensation and anal deep pressure sensation (|t| > 2.19, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Bulbocavernous reflex, anal autonomic contraction, anal tactile and anal deep pressure response may predict penile erectile function after spinal cord injury.

Clinical efficacy of docetaxel combined with carboplatin in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the early efficacy and toxicity of docetaxel combined with carboplatin in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).@*METHODS@#From May 2017 to July 2019, fifteen patients with mCRPC treated in Peking University First Hospital were collected. The median age was 70 years (43-77 years), and the pathological types were all adenocarcinoma, which was confirmed as distant metastasis by imaging examination. They were given the chemotherapy of docetaxel combined with carboplatin. The specific method was as follows: each cycle was 28 days. Androgen deprivation therapy was administered routinely throughout the treatment period. Blood routine, liver and kidney function, blood clotting function and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests were performed before each cycle. Docetaxel was administered intravenously on the first day of each cycle at a dose of 75 mg/m2, and carboplatin was administered intravenously on the second day at the dose calculated by Calvert formula. The main outcome measures including PSA decline range, pain remission rate and occurrence of adverse reactions were observed and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among the 15 patients, 12 had completed at least 4 cycles of chemotherapy and had short-term efficacy evaluation. PSA decline range > 50% was observed in 8 patients (66.7%). Among the 9 patients with bone pain, remarkable pain relief was observed in 4 patients (44.4%). Among the 4 patients with measurable metastatic lesions, 2 achieved partial response, 1 was evaluated as stable disease, and 1 was evaluated as progressive disease. The main adverse reactions of chemotherapy included bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal reactions, fatigue and neurological disorders, and most of them were within the tolerable range.@*CONCLUSION@#This report is a case series study of docetaxel combined with carboplatin in the treatment of mCRPC reported in China and the conclusions are representative. The chemotherapy of docetaxel combined with carboplatin has positive short-term efficacy and high safety in patients with mCRPC, which is worthy of further promotion and exploration in clinical practice.

Correlation analysis between HMGB1 and severity of coronary heart disease / 中国综合临床

Objective:To explore the correlation between serum high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and severity of coronary artery disease.Methods:From January 2018 to March 2019, 170 patients who underwent coronary angiography and were definitely diagnosed with coronary heart disease in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were divided into single-vessel lesion group(65 cases), double-vessel lesion group(55 cases) and three-vessel lesion group(50 cases) according to the results of coronary angiography.Sixty healthy persons in the same period were set as the control group.The serum levels of HMGB1, endothelin-1, C-reaction protein (CRP), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were detected, and the severity of coronary artery disease was evaluated according to Gensini score standard.Results:The serum HMGB1 of patients with single vessel disease was (7.35±0.75) μg/L, that of double vessel disease group was (11.56±1.16) μg/L, that of three vessel disease group was (14.36±1.46) μg/L, and that of control group was (3.22±1.52) μg/L.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( F=14.235, P<0.001). The serum endothelin-1 in single vessel disease group was (198.56±19.86) ng/L, that in double vessel disease group was (226.54±22.64) ng / L, that in three vessel disease group was (435.65±43.95) ng/L, and that in control group was (120.47±13.27) ng/L.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( F=16.337, P<0.001). The serum CRP of patients with single vessel disease was (6.21±0.61) ng/L, that of double vessel disease group was (8.54±0.84) ng/L, that of three vessel disease group was (11.36±1.16) ng/L, and that of control group was (3.39±1.56) ng/L.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( F=15.206, P<0.001). Serum LDL-C was (3.23±0.33) mmol/L in single vessel disease group, 4.12±0.42 mmol/L in double vessel disease group, (6.23±0.63) mmol/L in three vessel disease group and (2.25±1.45) mmol/L in control group.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( F=22.017, P<0.001). Serum HDL-C was (4.02±0.42) mmol/L in single vessel disease group, (2.35±0.25) mmol/L in double vessel disease group, (1.79±0.29) mmol/L in three vessel disease group and (4.60±1.69) mmol/L in control group.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( F=18.564, P<0.001). The Gensini score of single vessel disease group was (10.36±2.26), that of double vessel disease group was (16.74±1.04) and that of three vessel disease group was (23.36±2.36). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( F=23.014, P<0.001). The levels of HMGB1, endothelin-1, CRP and LDL-C in patients with coronary heart disease were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the levels of HDL-C were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The higher the number of diseased vessels, the higher the levels of HMGB1, endothelin-1, CRP, LDL-C and Gensini score, the lower the level of HDL-C.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that HMGB1, endothelin-1, CRP and LDL-C were risk factors of Gensini score (standard coefficient was 0.480, 0.087, 0.173, 0.197, t=8.351, 9.047, 12.476, 11.692, all P<0.01); HDL-C level was a protective factor of Gensini score (standard coefficient -0.352, t value was 16.582, P<0.001). Pearson linear correlation analysis showed that serum HMGB1 level was positively correlated with endothelin-1, CRP and LDL-C ( r=0.536, 0.659, 0.724, all P<0.05), and negatively correlated with HDL-C ( r=-0.669, P<0.05). Conclusion:There are obvious inflammatory reaction and lipid metabolism disorder in patients with coronary heart disease.The level of HMGB1 in peripheral blood is closely related to the severity of coronary artery disease.

Pharmacological mechanism of Shenghua Decoction in treatment of abdominal pain based on network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

The Shenghua Decoction recorded in Fu Qing Zhu's Gynaecology,is a commonly used postpartum prescription,widely used in treating postpartum and gynecological diseases. However,its mechanism of action in treating lower abdominal pain remains unclear. In this paper,network pharmacology was used to explore the mechanism of Shenghua Decoction in the treatment of lower abdomen pain,so as to provide data support for better clinical application of Shenghua Decoction. The drug targets of lower abdominal pain and Shenghua Decoction were retrieved in SymMap. String and Cytoscape were adopted for enrichment analysis to construct the disease-drug-target biological network. Relevant gene search results showed that there were 400 targets in Shenghua Decoction,11 of which coincided with the disease genes of lower abdomen pain. In String analysis,18 gene interactions were obtained. Gene modularizationbased analysis results indicated that one module containing six genes was obtained after modularization processing. Furthermore,there were 170 enrichment results of biological process,2 enrichment results of molecular function and 30 enrichment results of KEGG pathways in String enrichment analysis. Shenghua Decoction may play a role in treating lower abdomen pain through neuro-endocrine-immune,metabolism and other means. Its mechanism may be achieved by accelerating the repair and growth of endometrial tissue cells,improving microcirculation,promoting endometrial cell renewal and inflammation subsidence,and accelerating uterine involution; at the same time,it can regulate the autoimmunity,regulate and control the function of some natural immune cells in the process of antiinfection by using signaling pathway,supplement the vital energy,and induce elimination of pathogens from the body,thereby achieving the effect of treating lower abdomen pain.

Influences of comprehensive nursing intervention on the caregivers of severely burned children / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective@#To explore the influences of comprehensive nursing intervention on the caregivers of severely burned children.@*Methods@#Eighty severely burned children, admitted to our department from November 2016 to November 2017 and conforming to the study criteria, were included in this study. They were divided into comprehensive group and control group according to the random number table, with 40 children in each group. One caregiver for each child was included in the same group. Children and caregivers in control group had routine nursing care while children and caregivers in comprehensive group had comprehensive nursing care on the base of routine nursing care, including comprehensive psychological nursing of children and caregivers, guidance of rehabilitation for caregivers throughout the entire recovery process, individualized propaganda and education for caregivers on account of disease of children, perfecting social support system, sustained attention of children during follow-up. Anxiety self-rating scale and social support rating scale were used to assess the levels of anxiety and social support of caregivers of children in the two groups at the time of admission (before intervention) and the second month after discharge (the third time follow-up, after intervention). On the day of discharge, the nursing service satisfaction questionnaire of our department was used to evaluate the nursing service satisfaction of caregivers of children. Data were processed with chi-square test and independent sample t test.@*Results@#(1) Before intervention, the anxiety and social support scores of caregivers of children in control group were respectively (64.5±3.8) and (40.4±2.5) points, similar to (63.5±4.9) and (40.5±2.6) points in comprehensive group (t=0.988, 0.177, P>0.05). After intervention, the anxiety score [(47.2±1.9) points] of caregivers of children in comprehensive group was significantly lower than that of control group [(57.6±4.3) points, t=13.917, P<0.01], and the social support score [(45.3±1.9) points] was significantly higher than (35.9±2.1) points in control group (t=-21.282, P<0.01). After intervention, scores of objective support, subjective support, and social support utilization in the social support evaluation rating of caregivers of children in comprehensive group were significantly higher than those in control group (t=12.678, -11.079, -10.031, P<0.01). (2) At the time of discharge, scores of clinical care, propaganda and education content and form in the nursing service satisfaction questionnaire of caregivers of children in comprehensive group were significantly higher than those of control group (t=-14.757, -15.627, -33.221, P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#Comprehensive nursing intervention method can effectively reduce the anxiety of the caregivers of severely burned children, help them to make better use of social support system, and improve the satisfaction of caregivers in nursing services.

Effects of mother-infant early skin-to-skin contact with different duration on neonatal behavior and breast-feeding / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of mother-infant early skin-to-skin contact with different duration on neonatal behavior and breast-feeding.Methods 80 infants born from January 2017 to June were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group,40 cases in each group.The two groups were given early maternal and infant skin contact after birth.The observation group lasted for 1 hour,while the control group lasted until the perineal wound was sutured,with an average of (30.75 ± 1.13) minutes.Comparisons were made between the two groups in terms of crying within 0-1 h,5-6 h after birth,neonatal behavioral score (BNBAS) at 11 min and 119 min after birth,breastfeeding at the first and 6 weeks and 6 months after delivery.Results At 0-1 h,5-6 h after birth,the number and duration of crying in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group,and the BNBAS score at 119 min was significantly lower than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The score of breast feeding measurement tool in the observation group was (10.45 ± 2.22) at the time of first feeding,which was significantly higher than that in the control group (8.08 ± 1.61) (P ＜0.05).The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the observation group was 72.5％ and 52.5％ at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum,which was significantly higher than that in the control group (37.5％ and 17.5％,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions 1 hour of mother-infant early skin-to-skin contact can reduce awakening and cry of infant,improve the effect of breast-feeding.

Long term outcomes of posterior leaflet triangular resectionvalvuloplasty formitral valve regurgitation / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To explorethe long-term prognosis of the triangular resectionvalvuloplasty for posterior mitral valve prolapse and provide a reference for the clinical treatment.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 61 pa-tients with posterior mitral valve prolapse underwent the mitral valvuloplasty in our hospital from Match 2008 to December 2016.30 patients who underwent triangular resection for posterior mitral valve prolapse.31 patients who underwentstandard quadrangular resection.The cardiac functional parameters and condition of mitral regurgitation were compared among the period of preoperation,discharging and follow-up.Results The mean follow-up period was 42 ±34(3-106)months.left atrium and left ventricular diameter were decreased(P<0.05).Inresrarch group,there was 1 patient who have moderate regurgitation,ar-rhythmia is one.In control group,there was arrhythmia in 1 cases,moderate regurgitation in 2 cases and death in 1 cases.Rate of freedom from reregurgitation was(97 ±6)% in research group and was(97 ±4)% in control group.There was no SAM in two groups.There were no significant differences of survival or risk of reoperation.There was a statistic difference of NYHA classification of cardiac function in the phase of follow-up than that of discharging(P<0.05).Conclusion Triangular resec-tion of a prolapsed posterior mitral leaflet is a simplified,reliable, reproducible, and durable procedure,like quadrangular re-section of a prolapsed posterior leaflet.

Intra-pulmonary arterial antitumor necrosis factor-α antibody effect on ultra-structure of lung following cardiopulmonary bypass / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To study the effect of intra-pulmonary arterial anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibody(TNF-α Ab) on ultra-structure of lung after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Forty New Zealand rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups:group Ⅰ-Ⅲ underwent CPB; group Ⅳ only received open chest operation.In the group Ⅱ,rabbit TNF-α Ab(27 ng/kg) was dropped into the pulmonary artery when the aorta was clamped and CPB continued 30 minute.Pulmonary arterial perfusion was given to the group I instead.Blood TNF-α and neutrophils count from right and left atrium and oxygenation index in the four groups were determined perioperatively.Lung water content,TNF-αmessenger RNA,Bcl-2 protein,Bax protein,Bcl-2/Bax,apoptosis index and pathomorphological change were measured in the lung tissues.Results TNF-α Ab can restrain leukocyte accumulation and reduce releasing of TNF-α in the lung and improve oxygenation index.Moreover,TNF-α Ab can reduce the expression of Bax on alveolar epithelial cells and alleviate the decreasing of the expression of Bcl-2.It can also reduce the occurrence of apoptosis and attenuate pathomorphological changes in the lung tissue.Conclusion Intra-pulmonary arterial antitumor necrosis factor-α antibody markedly lessens the injury of inflammatory reaction and ultra-structure of lung after CPB via Bcl-2/Bax pathway.

Expression of insulin-like factor 3 in the testis of flutamide-induced cryptorchidism mice and its significance / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes in the mRNA expression of insulin-like factor 3 (INSL-3) in the testis of mouse models of flutamide-induced cryptorchidism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We randomized pregnant BALB/c mice to groups A (control) , B, C, D and E to receive continuous gavage of flutamide at 0, 150, 300, 500 and 700 mg/kg body weight, respectively, from gestation day 12 to 21. We detected the expression of INSL-3 mRNA in the testis of the neonates by real-time PCR at 4 and 8 postnatal weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No cryptorchidism was found in group A; unilateral cryptorchidism was seen in groups B (10.0%) and C (25.0%); and bilateral cryptorchidism was observed in groups D (21.1%) and E (40.0%). The expression of INSL-3 mRNA was reduced with the increased dose of flutamide, not significantly changed in groups B and C (P > 0.05) but remarkably decreased in D and E as compared with A (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Administration of flutamide to pregnant mice can induce unilateral cryptorchidism at 150 and 300 mg/kg and bilateral cryptorchidism at 500 and 700 mg/kg in their male offspring, which may be related with its reducing effect on the expression of INSL-3 in the testis of the mice.</p>

Establishment of cryptorchid infertile models by postnatal injection of estradiol in mice / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the incidence and spermatogenesis of cryptorchid testes induced by postnatal injection of estradiol.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety male newborn Balb/C mice were randomly divided into an experimental (n = 60), a solvent control (n = 20) and a normal control group (n = 10). The experimental mice were again assigned to a 4-week, a 6-week, an 8-week, and a 10-week subgroup, and injected subcutaneously with 17-beta estradiol (5 microg/d) from 3 to 28, 3 to 42, 3 to 56 and 3 to 70 days after birth, respectively. The incidence of cryptorchidism and morphological changes of the testes were observed at 2 weeks after drug withdrawal.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence rates of cryptorchidism in the 4-, 6-, 8- and 10-week groups were 0%, 26.7%, 60% and 60%, respectively, but no cryptorchidism occurred in the solvent and normal control groups. The 4- and 6-week groups showed autonomous descent of the cryptorchid testes and recovery of spermatogenesis after drug withdrawal. The models became stable and no spermatogenesis recovery was observed after 8 weeks of continuous medication.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Stable cryptorchid infertile models can be established in mice by postnatally continuous injection of estradiol for over 8 weeks.</p>

Spatiotemporal characteristics of seasonal influenza in mainland China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the spatiotemporal distribution and seasonal characteristics of influenza and to explore its transmission patterns, in the mainland of China. Methods Spatiotemporal cluster methods and spatial trend surface methods were used to analyze the influenza surveillance data. Results There were a summer peak in the south from June to August (RRpsediatric=1.31, P<0.01; RRmternel=1.74, P<0.01) and a winter peak from December to January (RRpsediatric=1.45, P<0.01; RRmternel=1.45, P<0.01) in the northern part of the country, during every epidemic season. Influenza virus in mainland China seemed to spread from the southern to the northern parts of the country, in a progressing way. Conclusion In the southern part of the country, it is more important to take prevention and control measurements on influenza from June to August but for the northern part, the key period is from December to January. It is more important to timely identify the variation of the influenza virus, in the southern part of the country.